Improving Transactional Processing in Accounting Information Systems Research Paper

Improving Transactional Processing in Accounting Information Systems - Research Paper Example Transaction is an instance of doing business of any kind and may include buying of stocks from a security market and consumable goods at from a retail shop. In all the instances, there is exchange of money for goods or services. During the transactions, the need to keep the record of transactions increases, in order to be able to monitor the performance of the business. Businesses have adopted several strategies of maintaining their records, preparing forms and reports for financial purposes such as tax among others (Mattessich, 1998). These records are a part of the entire Information System maintained by a business. For a business to remain in market there must be a well set out Information System that enables all the stakeholders to interact with, and benefit from the available information. These systems have further been adopted into accounting due to efficiency, in some cases due to integrity. There has been an upward development of how accounting is carried out since the dawn of civilization. These changes have been necessitated by the tremendous growth of business transactions. Sometimes, the changes have been as a result of complexities involved in these transactions (Mattessich, 1998). With the emergence of technology in the past years, business operations have been affected. This includes how transactions are handled and the parties that are involved. It is however important to note that although technology may be disadvantageous in some cases, its adoption has greatly improved operations of businesses in general and more benefits can be realized should technology be monitored effectively (CBS Library, 2011). From the old days of Mesopotamia, ancient people kept records of businesses using clay tablets where they inscribed details of transactions (Mattessich, 1998). The inefficiency of such record keeping has over the years, pushed people to develop new methods

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summary - Assignment Example The new smart phones are in approach of anyone these days. There are many other forms of applications like multimedia, games applications through which a person can pass his/her time. Therefore, in real they can keep information of their credit cards, tickets and can have storage of electronic cash and much more than this. In simple it also plays a role of electronic wallet. The article highlights and discusses about the technologies which are now leading to the highest peak of growth in the 3rd generation of mobile networking. Some of the new mobile and terminals technologies discussed by the authors in the article are discussed below: Mobile networks and their development: Most of the mobile services are based on the second generation (2G) and these services made possible to transfer the data and services through wireless telecom network e.g. (GSM) as â€Å"Global System for Mobile communications†, (GPRS) as â€Å"Global Packet Radio Service†, (HSCSD) as â€Å"High S peed Circuit Switched Data†, (SMS) as â€Å"Short Message Service† and many other. The International Telecommunication Union system changed the standard in 2000, called International Mobile Telecommunications. The main idea of this change was to make enable the services such as, (video streams, animations, pictures, etc.). According to the authors, as the advancement is continuously being made in the ground of mobile networking, the plans have started on the development of 4G which will be completed by 2012. One of the main reasons for the differences in networks generation is of the capacity available to the customers. The current 2G is providing the capacity of min of 14.4 kbps and max to 57.6 kbps and then 3G network will be having the capacity of more than 2Mbps. 2G has a big hand in supporting the E-Commerce through WAP technology which brought in Internet to the handsets. Another rising technology is Bluetooth. It can be used for small transmission of information on ad hoc basis form point to point (Tsalgatidou, Veijalaninen, Markkula, Katasonov, and Hadjiefthymiades, 2003). Mobile Terminals: Smart-phones are the name given to the new introduction of mobiles. And this is because their features can be added or deleted or can even be modified. In most of the new smart-phones, GPRS, Bluetooth and MMS services are available and also the availability of inbuilt or attachable camera with the high color display resolution is there. Internal memory of megabytes is another added innovation in these mobiles for high storage which also is supported by external memory chip normally known as memory card. The Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) has played an important role in putting a standard in mobiles, its services and applications. Java, MMS and XHTML are the most important technologies of OMA. In order to provide extra securities to mobile services, MeT was established to provide high security and more innovations to mobile transaction (Tsalgatidou et al., 2 003). Positioning systems of LBS: LBS, â€Å"Location Based Services†, require a specific positioning for mobile terminals. Geocoding is a system which offers positions for mobile terminal and is divided into three main classes: satellite positioning, network-based positioning and, local positioning. All these different positioning systems differ in their techniques, features and reliability. Satellite Positioning: Satellite positioning system is a system which uses satellites revolving around the earth and

Financial Analysis Tools for SMEs

Financial Analysis Tools for SMEs CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION The SME sector development is seen as a key strategy for economic growth, job generation and poverty reduction (Agupusi, 2007:2). This study endeavored to explore and describe the financial performance measures currently used by manufacturing SMEs in Mauritius. It was undertaken due to the fact that many studies were conducted on obstacles faced by SMEs in obtaining finance, but it appeared that not enough were undertaken on how these SMEs manage their finances; whereas some studies found that small businesses fail because more often than not cash flow is not properly managed (Mbonyane, 2006:18). In this context the Z-score model is presented as a useful bankruptcy model for SME. This chapter concludes the research project by summarizing the previous chapters and highlighting the results of the empirical study in Chapter Four with respect to the objectives of the research. It also includes comments on the contribution and limitation of the study as well as recommendations and suggestions for future research. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH Chapter One presented the background of the study, followed by problem statement, rationale and objectives of the research, a preliminary literature review, research methodology and layout of the Chapters. Chapter Two presented a literature review regarding SMEs and their role in the Mauritian Economy. It was shown that the development of a sound SME sector is a key factor in job creation and economic growth for Mauritius. Many obstacles were pointed out as causes of SME failure, including financial performance skills, which were the focus of this study. Moreover, an international comparative analysis was presented. A brief discussion of non-financial measures was given as well, followed by financial performance measures that included financial ratios and bankruptcy prediction models. Chapter Three presented the research plan including sampling, data collection, and data analysis. Chapter Four presented the results of the empirical research findings on financial performance measures currently used by manufacturing SMEs in Mauritius. Thematic content analysis was used in presenting the results, taking the themes in the literature of the topic as basis for comparison. Chapter Five is the final phase of the study and aims at using the information from the literature study and the empirical findings to provide solutions to manufacturing SMEs’ financial performance measurement according to the findings and through recommendations. DISCUSSIONS OF FINDINGS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT The first objective of the study was to identify financial tools currently used by manufacturing SME’s in measuring their financial performance. This objective of the study was achieved during the field study with semi-structured interviews at SME premises that helped gather information on the financial performance measures used by each. The findings revealed the following ratios as the most widely used by respondents: Cash flow to total debt (used by six respondents); Current ratio (used by six respondents); Working capital to total assets (used by five respondents); Cash flow to average total current liabilities (used by five respondents); Gross profit margin ratio (used by four respondents); and Inventory turnover (used by four participants). Gross Profit Ratio The level of satisfaction was measured using a likert scale. The conversion of the 5- point Likert- type scale for the satisfaction with current financial performance scale to illustrate the total score was as follows: (not satisfied at all = 1 (1), not satisfied = 2 (2), somewhat satisfied = 3 (3), satisfied = 4 (4), very satisfied = 5 (5)). The higher the mean score indicates a higher level of satisfaction. Upon computing the mean for this scale,, it was found that the mean was 2.4000, this implies that there is a relative low level of satisfaction prevails with the owners of the SMEs concerning their current financial performance. It can be seen that all of the participants felt that measuring financial performance is important. However, despite the fact that measuring financial performance is important, none of the SMEs used a finance officer or an external consultant to evaluate their financial performance. It can be observed that financial ratios (100%) is the only used tool by the SMEs sampled as compared to tools such as Scoreboards (0%), the Bankruptcy Prediction Model (0%) and other models(0%). Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that even though the owners of the SME used financial ratios, only 39 percent of them found the ratios to be useful in helping to improve their financial performance. BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION MODEL The use of bankruptcy prediction models (another financial tool in the literature) was totally absent among the respondents. In fact, almost all the participant SMEs knew nothing or very little about bankruptcy prediction models. The limited use of ratios and non use of bankruptcy prediction models raises the issue of objective number two which is to recommend necessary improvements on financial performance measurement of SMEs which will be part of the recommendations. Also, the lack of knowledge of bankruptcy prediction models by interviewees at different SMEs may necessitate relevant training for the financial officers of SMEs; that is the issue of objective number three of the study, which will be part of the recommendations section as well. The last objective of the study was to recommend necessary improvements on financial performance measures used by manufacturing SMEs. The study found that most manufacturing SMEs used financial ratios to measure their financial performance, but to a very limited extent. Very few ratios were used by individual SMEs and most of the ratios used were not the best indicators mentioned in the literature. Though, some of the interviewees acknowledged that they need to use more ratios. This objective will be part of the recommendation section below. Another objective of the study was to recommend necessary training interventions that would be needed for manufacturing SMEs’ successful financial performance measurement. The research findings indicated that none of the respondents used any of the available bankruptcy prediction models; whereas it was proven in the literature that the models could be used successfully by SMEs as well as big businesses. SMEs could use the models not necessarily for predicting failure, but as a tool to constantly assess how they are doing financially so as to take necessary measures anytime they feel threatened. It was found that most of the respondents knew nothing or very little about the models, and it seemed quite obvious that relevant training is needed. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY These results can only be seen as a trend and further studies need to be conducted for any attempt at generalization. For this study for example, either emails were not responded to at all, or potential participants kept postponing, suggesting that the researcher call the following week. In the end, respondents had to be approached at their business premises and requested to participate. It is costly if it is taken into account that many SMEs would decline to participate, but works better as procedure; and should be considered in future studies. Also, it was noticed that more small businesses (70%) participated in the study because most medium business that were approached declined the invitation. Therefore, for a bigger study that would seek to generalize the results, researchers should endeavor to have a more balanced number between small and medium businesses that participate. There was very limited literature on the topic of financial performance of SMEs as well. This resulted on the study having to be built on theory. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that SMEs use more ratios, especially those in the literature study (Chapter Two) as improvement of their financial performance measures. SMEs should probably consider the use of the six most used ratios as summarized in section 5.3 above, since they seem to be working well not only for the majority of participants, but for businesses in general. It is also recommended that SMEs owners/ managers request and enroll their financial staff for training on bankruptcy prediction models at relevant institutions such as universities. The few models presented in this study may be used by SMEs as well, since they are simple and cheap, and should not pose problems to trained financial staff. Another recommendation would be for those SMEs that can afford it, to try the use of specialized software (e.g. PASTEL or PRO ACC5), which were indicated as effective by the few participants who use them. The SMEs would be able to use ratios that are computed from the software. The Z Score is also a critical business tool managers utilize to make informed business decisions to improve the financial health of the business. The Z Score helps managers assess the factors contributing to poor financial health. Z Score factors that contribute to under-performance; working capital, earnings retention, profitability and leverage can be isolated. This enables managers to initiate actions to improve the score of these factors contributing to financial distress. Targeting actions to specific under-performing stress factors allows managers to make capital allocation decisions that mitigate principal risk factors and produce optimal returns. Focus areas for managers to improve Z Score are transactions that effect earnings/ (losses), capital expenditures, equity and debt transactions. The Z Score provides a quantitative measurement into a company’s financial health. The Z Score highlights factors contributing to a company’s financial health and uncovers emerging trends that indicate improvements or deterioration in financial condition. The Z Score is a critical tool business managers use to assess financial health. It helps managers align business strategies with capital allocation decisions and provide transparency of financial condition to lenders and equity capital providers. Business managers use the Z Score to raise capital and secure credit. The Z Score is an effective tool to demonstrate credit worthiness to bankers and soundness of business model to investors. The Z Score is based on actual financial information derived from the operating performance of the business enterprise. It avoids biases of subjective assessments, conflicts of interest, brand and large company bias. The Z Score employs no theoretical assumptions or market inputs external to the company’s financial statements. This provides users of the Z Score with a consistent view and understanding of a company’s true financial health. SMEs should have proper financial planning. They should undertake both financing and investment program according to financial planning. SMEs should keep all records of financial transactions in a system way. This will provide accurate accounting and financial information for making both routine and non-routine managerial decisions by the management of SMEs. This will also enable lending agencies to conduct credit risk analysis; and rating agency to carry out the rating job for the SMEs. SMEs should introduce internal audit to restore effective financial control in the SMEs. SMEs need to have an effective management system as well as skilled manpower. This is expected to exert a positive influence in efficiency as well as productivity of SMEs. Good culture in the firm develops leadership in the organization who can be able to trace the financial distress early and thereby prevent SMEs from the exposition to financial and operating risk. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH Further research could be conducted on a wider scale in an attempt to generalize the findings to manufacturing SMEs in Mauritius; and in different regions of Mauritius. Further research could also be done to determine whether the findings of the study are consistent across different sectors. Financial performance measurement of larger enterprises could be another subject of study as well. CONCLUSION It is fair to say that, contrary to what one may think, many manufacturing SMEs (with respect to the number of studied SMEs) in Mauritius, use financial ratios (one of the financial tools in the literature study) to measure their financial performance. Though, this use of ratios by the studied SMEs is limited, because only a few ratios are being used by the respondents. Yet again, out of the ratios used, few are among those in the literature that were found to be the best financial measures or good financial distress predictors. None of the respondents used any of the available bankruptcy prediction models. In fact, most of the respondents knew nothing or very little about the models. Some of the participants have opted for the use of computer software and are getting satisfying results from them. Although most of the respondents have performed fairly well so far, to improve their financial performance, SMEs should use more of the recognized ratios identified in this study. Six ratio s were identified to be widely used by the various SMEs interviewed, and because most of the respondents indicated that their financial performance has been satisfying (even though some said there is a need to improve), these ratios should be taken into consideration. SMEs need also to train their financial staff on other financial tools such bankruptcy prediction models that are quite easy to use. It was also pointed out in the literaturereview that ratio analysis and bankruptcy prediction models (since they consist of a group of ratios with variables of different weights) have their shortcomings as well. Therefore they should only be used as an indication. This study will contribute toward filling the gap in the literature of SME financial performance measurement; and if taken seriously by SMEs, will help them in effective financial performance measurement by drawing attention to the various tools that are available to them for that purpose and the necessity of training financial staff on various measures as well.

Ensure Justice and Equity Essay

On the one hand, fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society. â€â€"Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime will reconsider committing this act in the first place. â€â€"This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crimes committed. â€â€"If people knew they would be able to convince the court or the jury of reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary. This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts。 In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishment for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is Competition Law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted to pay a fine, according to the harm caused by the violation and the profit gained by the violator through committing the crime. As for the exemptions, in some countries the law exempts thieves stealing food during a period of famine taking into consideration the distress and hunger. Also, a person killing in self-defense will be exempted from punishment.

Get the Scoop on Topics for Argumentative Essay Before Youre Too Late

Get the Scoop on Topics for Argumentative Essay Before You're Too Late The New Angle On Topics for Argumentative Essay Just Released Domestic terrorism isn't really an overwhelming issue in the united states. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. F. Bacon The main goal of the capital isn't to get as much money as possible, yet to guarantee that money causes a better life. Therefore, the topic needs to be debatable! Begin with general subjects that you are conversant with then narrow down to a certain topic. After you locate a proper topic it's imperative that you concentrate on proper research. Picking an emotional topic is also a great idea. What to Do About Topics for Argumentative Essay Before It Is Too Late By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. Every time you need to complete such tasks, the most crucial step is to decide on a controversial topic as it should provoke the debate in your upcoming audience and make them dispute it. You want to supply sample scenarios, along with other details to drive your point home. When you settle on the subject and select the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Unfortunately, you'll have to experience the subjects you have zero interest in, and might, sooner or later, feel as the ideal theme doesn't exist. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. Whichever topic you select, always don't forget the value of literature sources. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. One of the greatest approaches to make writing a research paper easier is to select a topic that you're passionate about. The very first step is to learn the topic you want to write about. You may trust us to supply expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. Clearly, you ought not purposely choose a topic that will bore your audience. Set your objective first, then produce a means to write it in an intriguing manner for your readers to relish. They need to see the whole picture, and that is what you are to focus on. Topics for Argumentative Essay Can Be Fun for Everyone Next, you should consider the method on how you need to relay it to your readers. At the conclusion of these list, you are going to discover links to a variety of argumentative paragraphs and essays. Unfortunately, in regards to writing papers on unique assignments, there isn't any perfect collection of all of the strategies and options. When you are finished with the majority of your research you should make an outline. You are a genuine expert in regards to persuasive essay topics. Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most significant and frequently tricky parts for many students. It is possible to observe a list of 25 topics you can pick from the one which best fits your assignment. Having selected a very good topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. Examples might also be included in every one of the body paragraphs to more support and clarify your primary points. You should be able to use persuasive language. Qualities of an excellent persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. The topics must have two sides and they need to be quite interesting.

Summary Of The Assistance To The Elderly - 967 Words

Brief Facts: The Assistance to the Elderly, Inc., a 501(c)(3) organization is the umbrella company of Residential Plaza at Blue Lagoon, a non-profit assisted living facility providing services since 1990, subsequently, the age of the facility will require more funds for maintaining the structure and its surroundings. The facility accommodates 320 seniors with an income ratio of 80% low income and 20% medium income. The ethnic segmentation is 100% Hispanics and the average age is ?. Industry Challenges: What is the greatest challenge the assisted living facilities is facing? The industry faces numerous challenge from a dramatic increase in the elderly population, increase health cost, limited affordable housing and services. â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦The Memory Care program is for adults with Alzheimer’s Disease or other dementia-related disorders, offering affordable, 24-hour specialized care. The funding for this program will benefit the advancement of the Montessori for Aging and Dementia philosophy, an innovative approach to dementia care with the goal of supporting people with dementia by treating them with respect and dignity – enabling them to make choices and to live as independently as possible. The Infrastructure program will apply for grants that will assist the facility in the upkeep and maintenance of the building. The Staff Training program will allow the current and new staff to learn the latest best practices for caring for seniors. The Health and Wellness program will allow the growth of activities to meet the needs of seniors. Health Fair will be an outreach program for underserved communities in Miami, Florida. Caregivers Fair will be an outreach program for underserved communities in Miami, Florida. Person-Centered Care focuses on meeting the individual resident’s needs. Decisionmaking is directed by the resident to maximize their independence, and staff assistance is not task-oriented Person-centered caring is based on the concept that the staff and management know each resident, and understands their medical and personal history, their needs, preferences, and expectations. The staff form meaningful relationships with theShow MoreRelatedEvolution of Programs and Services for Aging Populations Over the Last Fifty Years864 Words   |  4 Pagesbaby boomers in America turned 65. 2011- Enactment of the Community Living Assistance and Supports (CLASS) program Description of Programs and Services In 1935 the Social Security Act was established to provide Old Age Assistance and Old Age Survivors Insurance and in 1950, then President Truman, held the first of all National Conferences on Aging and the first federal social service programs were funded for the elderly in 1952. In 1956 a Special Staff on Aging was created overseen by the OfficeRead MoreInterview with Elderly Person1101 Words   |  5 PagesEffective Outcome Professor Dr. Jorge Cardenas July 23, 2012 Introduction Elderly people are so comfortable in their own skin because they have lived their lives and some have a continuance, which indicate that this is a true blessing and most of them still have their right frame of mind in order to assist in their living conditions along with their personal retirement plans. The elderly sometimes need that extra assistance from families that sometimes may require time that the families are unableRead MoreNurses Hourly Rounding Response Time For Reducing Risk Of Falls Among Elderly Patients Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pages Does Nurses Hourly Rounding Response Time Help in Reducing The Risk of Falls Among Elderly Patients? Mireine Tankeu Shenandoah University N306: Theory, Reasoning, and Reseach in Nursing Lorena Jung, PhD, RN Pam Cangelosi, PhD, RN Does Nurses Hourly Rounding Response Time Help in Reducing the Risk of Falls Among Elderly Patients? Falls among elderly individuals have continued to be a major challenge for health care providers. Individuals hospitalized for falls incur a higher healthRead MoreThe Never Ending Cycle of Prejudice In U.S.A Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pageseducation possible. x In Ancient times people who were elderly were treated with the utmost respect for their knowledge and experiences. Being old meant you were wise and you survived longer than most. However today the elderly are treated with such a lack of respect, even though old age is something that most of us will experience. Nelson Todd author of Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older Persons. Stated that we â€Å"regard elderly people of being of little worth without fear of retaliationRead MoreCommunity Nutrition Project For Collier County937 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will explore a food related issue in Collier County and depict a summary of a local program that gives nutrition support. This program will show how it enhances the health among Collier’s County’s low-income elderly, that are residents aged 60 and over. This paper will introduce a community nutrition program idea that will include a clear goal, detail specific aims, draw an action plan and have an evaluation plan that will collect data to confirm the program is working. CommunityRead MoreThe Ageing Of Global Population1692 Words   |  7 PagesBesides, this paper get more emphasis to the changes on Brazil’s populace between 1970 and 2010, Brazil is a developing country and it is a good example to go a little deeper on this topic. AGING POPULATION: MAIN CAUSES When the number of adults and elderly people begin to increase at the same time births begin to decrease, a process of aging starts to affect the population. The life expectancy increased significantly, this kind of measure should and will be analyzed according to the specifics lifeRead MoreThe Problem of Aging Population in Hong Kong4923 Words   |  20 Pagesrate and Death rate 1.2 More about Population ageing in Hong Kong 5 6 6 The effects of ageing population 2.1 Economics effects 2.2 Effects on public medical services 2.3 Effects on Comprehensive Social Security Assistance Scheme (CSSA) 9 11 12 3 Effects on Elder abuse 15 4 The Elderly-continue to increase in the furture? 16 5 Ways to relieve the ageing population 17 6 Conclusion 18 List of reference 19 Member List 19 Page 2 INTRODUCTION Population ageing is constituted by a shiftRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act And How It Affects My Personal Nursing Practice1236 Words   |  5 Pageshealthcare system is one that will always be needed by society. The amount of abuse the system receives depends on the amount of uninsured citizens. If a patient is uninsured, their bills typically fall to the Medicare system. Because of this, the elderly are unable to use the benefits of Medicare as they should be allotted. By initiating the Affordable Care Act, the government is attempting to realign the balance between the insurance companies and Medicare, and to provide millions of uninsured AmericansRead MoreGeneral Health Of The Elderly Population Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 28, 2016 Chapter 9 Summary Physical Activity In reading chapter 9 we live in an aging society. Not only is 1 in every 8 Americans older than 65 years, but a person aged 65 can expect to live an average of 18 more years . People aged 85 years and over are the fastest-growing group, and the proportion of these â€Å"oldest old† is expected to triple between now and year 2030. Continued good health of the elderly population is a major challenge to public health. What Happens As We Age HealthyRead MoreEssay on Elderly Client Project1741 Words   |  7 PagesElderly Client Project Winston Salem State University Nursing 3303 October 17, 2012 Elderly Client Project Mrs. F. Nowell is a ninety-four year old mother, grandmother and great grandmother living in a skilled nursing facility. She has several co-morbidities which are managed medically and chemically within a detailed nursing care plan. She is diagnosed with type II diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, pedal

Law Enforcement Today - 773 Words

Assignment Law Enforcement Today CJS/200 May 20, 2012 Ryan A. Conti Law Enforcement Today Today’s law enforcement officers are faced with difficult challenging issues. Being trained efficiently is most important so they know how to respond to the many different issues. According to Schmalleger (2011), corruption, on duty dangers, deadly force, and racial profiling are just some issues today’s law enforcement has to deal with. Multicultural society is one of the main challenges that police officers face on a day to day bases. To â€Å"protect and serve† is the number one duty of law enforcement. According to Schmalleger (2011), it is important as a police officer to understand and respect the different habits,†¦show more content†¦Excessive force is â€Å"the application of an amount and/or frequency of force greater than that required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject† (Schmalleger, 2011). One issue that has been constant is racial profiling. No matter how far along we as people have come along racial profiling will always be an issue but has only come to the nation’s attention in the 1990’s. Schmalleger (2011) stated, â€Å"Racial profiling can be defined as any police action initiated on the basis of the race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect, rather than on the behavior of that individual or on information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity† (p.284). Majority of these cases are done toward minorities, Latinos, African Americans, and since 9/11 Middle Eastern get profiled as an illegal alien, gangster, or terrorist. Terrorism has become a serious issue since the 9/11 attacks. Local, state, and federal law enforcement has been working with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Counterterrorism efforts are in full effect and have priority. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has the responsibility of trying to predict and pr event terrorism attacks. For the FBI to be able to do this they collect, analyze, and share information with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)Show MoreRelatedLaw Enforcement Today763 Words   |  4 PagesLaw Enforcement Today Paper Chelsea Berry Foundations of the Criminal Justice System June 2, 2013 Gary Lair Many police departments are facing budget problems, forcing them to cut their police force down. Many officers are being asked to do things they normally dont do such as patrolling. Police departments are also facing increasing crimes due to the poor economyRead MoreLaw Enforcement Today Paper1056 Words   |  5 PagesAngeles Police Department, more and more law enforcement administrators are faced with the task of reforming police department, with little guidance on how to bring about the necessary changes. This is not the first time in our country’s history that corruption and brutality have been front page news. Part of our current problems stem from the unprecedented level of drugs, gangs and guns in our cities. Systemically, the problems are caused by law enforcement agencies that continue to hire the wrongRead MoreLaw Enforcement Today s Society978 Words   |  4 Pages Law Enforcement Today Paper Lorie Daniels CJS/200 SUNDAY JULY 26, 2015 Scott Smith Law Enforcement Today Paper The police roles in today’s society are to try to maintain the order as well as to control to keep the public safe. I will describe the issues that police departments are experiences in today society. The police departments are facing from today’s society are corruption, as well as danger on the job, and most of all the use of deadly force. For the police when things start toRead MoreSurveillance Cameras Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesSurveillance Cameras How are kids safe at night? Do they roam the streets without adult supervision? Are drug dealers taking over the streets? Are drivers nervous of everyone else’s bad driving habits? Although some believe law enforcement cameras invade privacy and disrupt everyday lives, cameras help keep citizens safe. â€Å"Police departments across Great Britain credit cameras with dramatic crime reduction, citing such impressive results as 75 percent drop in Airdrie, Scotland, a 68 percent reductionRead MoreEssay on Sir Robert Peel863 Words   |  4 Pagesformed the Metropolitan Police while serving as Secretary of England. Peel stated â€Å"The key to policing is that the police are the people and that the people are the police† (Law Enforcement: Robert Peels Concept, 1829). Community policing is derived from Peel’s concept of prevention and has been clung to by many law enforcement organizations across the United States. Community policing requires investing in training wi th special regard to problem analysis and problem solving, facilitation, communityRead MoreTheories Of Crime Analysis Spring1300 Words   |  6 PagesMarshawn Walker Theories of Crime Analysis Spring August 30, 2015 Types of Policing Policing is to regulate, control, or keep in order with a law enforcement agency or other official group. It is a job done every minute of every hour of everyday by men and women willing to risk their health and life. To make the job easier different styles or types of policing methods have been developed. Some of the most influential types of policing include community oriented policing, problemRead MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing1444 Words   |  6 Pagespolice treated minorities more harshly than white citizens (Walker). In response to this civil unrest, the President s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice (1967) recommended that the police become more responsive to the challenges of a rapidly changing society. In response to civil unrest, the President s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice (1967) recommended that the police become more responsive to the challenges of a rapidly changing societyRead MoreLaw Enforcement Cameras an Invasion of Privacy1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe past decade has seen a proliferation of law enforcement security cameras in public areas, with central London having more cameras than any other city. In cities like New York, Los Angeles, and central London, cameras can be found at almost every intersection. Terrorist attacks have been a major basis for this significant increase in law enforcement security cameras; however, privacy advocates, along with many of the public, feel that it’s an invasion of privacy. People are concerned that allRead MoreCommunity Policing and Problem Solving1135 Words   |  5 PagesForrest II CJS/210 August 15, 2010 Travis Coldwell Community Policing and Problem Solving Policing When police departments and crime rates of the past are examined there are some apologist who believe that America would be in a better law enforcement situation provide the policies of the past we put back into use. With the public becoming more technologically advanced and criminal’s awareness of prosecution avoidance, community policing is the best solution for the modern community. The introductionRead MoreCriminal Justice Interrogation Techniques Have Evolved From A Crude Abusive Practice1193 Words   |  5 PagesBody: Criminal justice interrogation techniques have evolved from a crude, abusive practice to a discipline reinforced by scientific research. There are several methods in investigators’ toolkits. Law enforcement officers who train in these techniques have shown increased accuracy when determining if a subject is telling the truth; however, these highly trained officers are sometime too efficient, causing innocent subjects to believe they have perpetrated a crime. Legislators are working to combat